progression from haploid to diploid is called alteration of generations. Zygomycetes (Fungi phyla Zygomycota) are entirely haploid, excepting

only the diploid zygote. The diploid stage of plants is the sporophyte. In the sporangia, the sporophyte produces four haploid spores by

meiosis. These spores divide by mitosis, producing a mulitcellular haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte is the source of gametes, which will

fuse to produce a zygote. Zygomycetes experience a fusion of gametangia where + and - strains must be present in order for nuclei to grow

together and produce diploid zygote nuclei. Mitosis does not occur in the zygomycete reproductive cycle. Distinct to the phylum zygomycota, is

the formation of a temporary reproductive structure called the zygosporangium. In plants, meiosis occurs inside sporangia that are permanent

structures, and then continue on to divide by mitosis. Both kingdoms produce diploid zygotes, but plants' zygotes produce a diploid sporophyte,

and zygomycetes produce haploid hyphae.

2. Fungi have traditionally been included

essential gas exchange. Stomata are tiny openings that allow for water and gas diffusion in and out of the plant. Vascular tissues are water and

septa. A third difference is their reproductive modes. Fungi are classified by their reproductive structures (zygosporangia, ascus, conidium).

two kingdoms, is nuclear mitosis. In fungi, during mitosis the nuclear envelope does not break down and reform: mitosis takes place inside the

divide to form eight haploid nuclei. The embryo sac containing the eight haploid nuclei becomes the female gametophyte. In the anthers,

Some topics in this essay:
Zygomycetes Fungi, , gymnosperms angiosperms, stems grow, cell wall, female gametophyte, cell walls, produce diploid, pollen tube, seed plants, membrane bound nucleus, eight haploid nuclei, stem elongation, stems trunks, undergo meiosis produce, produce megaspores meiosis, angiosperms produce megaspores,