Cognitive Behavioural Therapy:An Effective Treatment for Pan

Palpitations, extreme shortness of breath, chest pains, trembling, sweating, dizziness and feeling of helplessness are the many symptoms associated with panic disorder (PD) (Cox et al., 19994). Panic disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent sudden onset of intense apprehension or terror. People with panic disorder fear they will go crazy, do something they cannot control and that they will die (Santrock & Mitterer, 2004). The central feature of panic disorder is the occurrence of panic attacks. The word panic denotes a sudden upsurge of acute intense fear, often associated with frantic attempts to escape (Marks, 1987). Panic attacks are discrete intense fear and discomfort. Usually an attack is spontaneous, out of the blue and even can occur during sleep (Firestone & Marshall, 2003).

To meet criteria for panic disorder, a person must experience recurrent unexpected panic attacks that occur without any obvious cues or triggers. The experience of unexpected panic attacks is not enough to meet criteria for panic disorder. In addition, the individual must develop substantial

The History of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective for patients with panic disorder, providing fast relief and lasting benefit to most clients. Cognitive behavioral therapy has a high success

rate, a low dropout rate and few side effects (Overholser, 2000). In cognitive behavioral approach considerable emphasis is placed on expressing concepts in operational terms and on empirical validation of treatment, using both group and single-case experimental designs in research settings and in everyday clinical practice. The treatment is based on the here-and-now; the main goal of therapy is to help patients bring about desired changes in their lives. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy focuses on the opportunity for new adaptive learning, and on producing changes outside clinical settings (Hawton, Salkovskis, Kirk & Clark, 1989).

Another study by Otto, Pollack, Penava, & Zucker (1998) examine cognitive therapy for patients who fail to respond to pharmacotherapy. Patients were required to meet the criteria for panic disorder and severity, and placed into two condition groups. To be selected for the sample of

Through cognitive behavioral therapy, most patients can learn to control their symptoms of panic and reduce their anticipatory anxiety. Treatment gains can be maintained after therapy is

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