The attitudes and reactions of people, social critics, and governments all affect the political environment. Consumers in the same country usually share a common political
environment, but the political environment can also have a dramatic effect on opportunities at a local or international level (pg. 189).
Strong sentiments of nationalism—an emphasis on a country’s interests before everything else—affect how macro-marketing systems work. They can affect how marketing managers work as well. Nationalistic feelings can reduce sales—or even block all marketing activity—in some international markets (pg. 189). A good example is Japan and how difficult the Japanese government has made it for other countries to import the
Important dimensions of the political environment are likely to be similar among nations that have banded together to have common regional economic boundaries. The move toward economic unification of Europe and free trade among the nations of North America are outstanding examples of this sort of regional grouping (pg. 190).
Different countries are at different stages of economic and technological development, and their consumers have different needs at different times.
Culture is the whole set of beliefs, attitudes, and ways of doing things of a reasonably homogeneous set of people (pg. 102). We can think of the American culture, the French culture, or the Latin American culture. People within these cultural groupings tend to be more similar i