Lenin’s impact on the state of Russia, and his push towards communism did not happen overnight. His character developed throughout his life, and Service gives the impression that Lenin’s first phase of intellectual revolution was his most crucial. The Lenin that was portrayed to the Russian people was a man with a difficult childhood, from a poor family, who struggled through life in the same way the people did. This ideal success story, however, was not what it seemed and in fact “it clear that Lenin, to a remarkable

After Lenin became educated, suffered the loss of his brother, and safely fastened his childhood influences under his belt, he entered the second phase of his intellectual revolution. In this phase of Lenin’s life, he began reading a lot of books, and searching for the answers to his questions on the possibility of Communism in Russia. His knowledge shifted dramatically from people, to literature. Lenin reads What is to be done, by Chernyshevsky, and is very influenced in his thinking. From this point on, Chernyshevsky’s reading becomes a part of his revolutionary foundation. Lenin’s political views developed through this book as, “it was Chernyshevsky who infected Lenin with a lifelong hatred of liberalism in all its forms”. Chernyshevsky’s novel was Lenin’s inspiration before he was introduced to Marxist theory.Lenin believed that Chernyshevsky’s novel demonstrated “what the revolutionary must be like, what his rules must be, how he must go about attaining his goals, and by what methods and means he can bring about their realization”. What is to be Done portrayed a utopian vision of what Lenin dreamed of accomplishing with Communism, and was the source of his dreamlike solutions. Once Lenin began to study Marxism, he became obsessed with Marxist theory and, “in an essay by Marx – Lenin encountered the idea which was to become of central importance in the Bolshevik theory of revolution – the idea that revolutionary theory “becomes a material force as soon as it seizes the masses”. The material force theory occupied Lenin’s mind throughout the second phase of his intellectual revolution. He felt that the answers could be found in the proletariats, and building all of his thoughts and theories around them. In Stalin’s Leninism, he also supports Service’s theory that “Lenin developed Marxism further under the new conditions of capitalism and of the class struggle of the proletariat”. Lenin began to believe that, “the peasantry was bourgeois and reactionary in its outlook and could, therefore, not be relied on to support the revolution”. The literature that Lenin read throughout the second phase of his development, made him concentrate on the proletariat as the material force his revolution. Lenin became obsessed with accomplishing his revolutionary goals, and the way in which he went about it meant nothing to him, “as a revolutionary

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