2. The physical evolution of the body and the hands enabled them to use tools to use in everyday life. The primitive tools saved them from using their teeth for a lot of things. 2 million years ago people turned carnivore from vegetarian because they were able to use tools to help catch their food. They were then able to make fire, shelter and many tools for living and evolving as people. A significant p

b. As ruler of the state, the pharaoh owned everything the people owned, including the people themselves. All officials did everything in his name, and conducted their duties subject to his pleasure. This was based on custom, and any personal interpretation of his word that strayed from the norm would be thought of as going against the divine will and divine justice. Every will of the divine was considered correct because of the political circumstance. Once a law was written down, it stood. If someone were to go against a law it was considered an impersonal authority that might compete with the divine being whose will and whim alone could be the law.

B. Compare and contrast the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle.

3. Tutankhaton, Akhenaton’s son, failed to enforce the religious reforms of his father. After Tutankhaton, Harmhab restored the worshiping of the traditional gods which brought peace to the lands. The newfound peace within the peoples allowed for the building of huge temples and other such projects. The prosperity of the large buildings was not enduring when invaders challenged Egypt, invading the Nile valley. Great empires from the east and north conquered Egypt, and the center of western Civilization moved to other places.

2. Between the middle of 6th century bc and the beginning of 5th century bc, the Greeks provoked and then withstood the immense might of the Persian Empire many times. They defeated the Persians not once but several times, most notably at marathon in 490 bc, at salamis in 480 bc, and finally at Plataea in the following year. Marathon and Plataea were great victories for the Greeks’ armed infantry fighting in close formation, called hoplines. These hoplines became the basis for Greek military success for the next 200 years. Out of these victories grew a sense of community for Greece, which in turn sparked Greek spirit and confidence.

3. After the overthrow of the Monarchy, the Greeks experimented with many different forms of government including Tyranny, dictatorship, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. Aristocracy generally means that the best of the best rules, but the Greek society actually used the best few from royal families. They also experimented with an Oligarchy which is the rule of a few. Democracy means the rule of the people, but the Greeks used a democracy of a few thousand free born men. Sometimes the Greeks used a combination of all of these types of government. In Athens all citizens had equal rights except when a man is distinguished in any way, he is more highly honored in public life not for privilege but as recognition of merit.

1. During the Old Kingdom, the Egyptians believed that the king was the living embodiment of their god. They preserved order by observing a code of correct behavior called ma’at. Egypt had access to mineral resources which was used for the trade industry which in turn provided prosperity to the people. Family was important in the life of the Egyptians, and the artwork of the era shows they established loving families. The Egyptians developed a system of writing, called hieroglyphics which was carved into stone, which was primarily used for religious or magical means. They also developed two other writing styles, called Hieratic and Demotic, used to keep records or write literature. Pyramids were built to show the greatness of their kings which served as tombs and houses for their departed spirits.

Some topics in this essay:
Stonehenge People, Aegean Sea, Tigris Euphrates, Seth Osiris, , Code Hammurabi, Epic Gilgamesh, Athenians Socrates, Middle Kingdom, Plato Aristotle, blessed afterlife, tigris euphrates rivers, believed god, life started, peloponnesian war, aegean sea, egyptian civilization, tigris euphrates, middle kingdom, century bc, euphrates rivers, invented divine world, lead ethical life, late stone age, believed lead ethical,