Space Colonization
In 1609, Galileo Galilei pointed his newly invented telescope towards the heavens and became the first of all men to see that there were other worlds beyond the Earth. Years later, Nicholas Copernicus paved the way for the modern picture of the universe. He came up with a theory of the solar system in which the sun is the central body and other planets revolved around it. A whole new science was born. As a result, many scientists focused on the planets making great discoveries. Astronomy ceased to belong to the theologians and became an extension of geography. Only a few decades after the first telescope was invented, a whole literature of space travel had emerged, mixing fiction with newly acquired astronomical knowledge (Man and Space 9-10). Today, there is no one who can predict just how fast humans will spread out across the solar system or just how far we shall be able to explore it. New technologies such as nuclear propulsion will make it easier to access other planets. Scientists predict that a century from now, the planet Pluto will seem closer to our grandchildren than the Earth’s poles did to our grandparents. There is no doubt that the powers that are now coming into our hands will be enough to
According to Worth F. Crouch of the Space Daily: How long a reversal might last is a matter of scientific controversy. Records of past events, embedded in iron minerals in ancient lava beds, show some can last for thousands of years. During that time the planet will have been exposed to solar radiation. On the other hand, some researchers say that the flips may have lasted only a few weeks. Exactly what will happen when Earth's magnetic field disappears just before its re-emergence in a reversed orientation is unknown. Compasses would point to the wrong pole but that is only a minor inconvenience. More importantly, low-orbiting satellites would be exposed to electromagnetic waves, wrecking them. In addition, many species of migrating animals and birds rely on natural abilities to track Earth's magnetic field. It is impossible to predict how they will react. Every day, however, the Earth is hit by debris from space. The majority of these objects are small and burn up before they hit the ground. However, it is inevitable that larger bodies will penetrate deeper into the atmosphere striking the ground with a tremendous explosive force. In 1908, an asteroid rocked the grounds of the Siberian forest. The asteroid was only sixty meters in diameter and exploded with a force of about twelve megatons devastating two thousand square kilometers of the Siberian forest. The force exerted by this sixty meter long asteroid was a thousand times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Such objects only present a threat to a limited area though. Scientists say that objects with diameters greater than one kilometer pose a threat to the entire world. An object of this size or greater can be expected to collide with Earth in the next 100 thousand years (The Threat 1-4). Once a white dwarf star forms, its structural and thermal evolution is dominated by cooling down. It will slowly fade as it radiates its residual thermal energy into space. It will eventually cool through a narrow range of temperatures that cause it to vibrate periodically. About ninety nine percent of all stars end up as a white dwarf (The Fate 1). It is highly unlikely, if not impossible, for an asteroid to completely destroy the planet Earth. The Earth is many times larger than the biggest asteroid and is capable of absorbing huge shocks. However the consequences for life on Earth are a different matter. It is almost certain that a hit from an asteroid larger than two kilometers will destroy almost all of life on Earth. The only surviving organisms might be bacteria. (The Looming Threat 1).
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Looming Threat,
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Earth Five,
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Approximate Word count = 2356
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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