Tobacco In the Workplace
Smoking in the workplace is restricted. Of the 12.6 million Canadians who were in the work force in August 1994, 32.8% are current smokers. This is slightly higher than the national average of 30% that was established in the August 1994 Survey on Smoking in Canada . Ontario is considerably below the national average in work force habitual smoking (27.3% vs. 32.8%); British Columbia is slightly below the national average (31.0%). Quebec is the only region in which work force habitual smoking (41.7%) significantly exceeds the national average. There are clear gender differences within regions. In both Ontario and the Prairie region, less than 25% of the female work force smokes. In contrast, smoking prevalence in Ontario's male work force is 4 percent under the national average, while the opposite is true in the Prairie region. However, the most remarkable group is Quebec's female work force, 46.2% of whom are smokers. This represents the largest gender gap (7.5 percent), yet it contradicts the national pattern, in which men are more likely to be smokers than women. Among all socio-demographic groups, smoking is highest among the unemployed who are looking for work, at 45.6% overall and 51.7% for females . The restriction of smoking
The majority of Canadian adults (90%) believe that ETS is harmful to both smokers and non-smokers in the workplace and agrees that banning smoking in the workforce was the right decision. A 1995 poll in the Greater Vancouver Area found that 66% of surveyors support a municipal by-law that would ban smoking in all indoor places in their community. While the support was from 79% non-smokers, only 30% of smokers were supportive. The study found that people with higher educational levels who are parents, were most supportive. A 1991 survey of Ontarians found that the majority was in support among non-smokers and smokers alike for the enforcement of smoking restrictions put in by local governments . However, only 35.8% of non-smokers and 14.2% of smokers agreed that smoking should be prohibited in the workplace. Remarkably, almost equivalent figures supported total smoking bans in restaurants (35.9% and 9.9%). Support for workplace and restaurant smoking bans is much below the 85-90% levels of support for smoking bans in city buses, doctors' offices and day-care centers. A large majority (72.5%) of smokers said they would comply with the rules and only 12% would ignore prohibitions . Since smoking in most workplaces is banned, much anger arises from the smoking population. People feel as if their rights have been violated. Morale can be described as the state of the spirits of a person shown by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks. Smokers often result in the decrease in morale in many employees. The trend in labour-management relations these days is to create a balance between employee well-being and the corporate good to achieve improved productivity and job satisfaction. Non-smokers, who make up more than 3/4 of Colorado's population, according to a 1985 Denver Post poll, feel better and are more productive in a smoke-free environment . When employees who are smokers receive special privileges such as extra breaks, it creates resentment and a lower morale in non-smoking workers. With a smoke-free policy, better morale leads to improved working relationships as there is a reduction or removal of tension between smokers and non-smokers on the job. Many health issues arise in the topic of tobacco use at the workplace. Being exposed to the smoke from a cigarette can cause immediate health effects like increasing heart rates and blood pressure. Tobacco-related illnesses kill 45 000 Canadians each year – more people killed than during the six years of World War II. Second hand smoke contains more than 4 000 chemicals, including carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, benzene and hydrogen cyanide. More than 50 of these chemicals are carcinogens (they cause cancer). The chemicals also contribute to other diseases, such as asthma, heart disease and emphysema; and that includes non-smokers. Even after a cigarette is out, secondhand smoke remains saturated in the furniture, carpets and blinds, and is still toxic. Over 1 000 non-smokers will die this year in Canada due to tobacco use. More than 300 lung cancer deaths, and at least 700 deaths from coronary heart disease will be caused by second hand smoke . Employees who are regularly exposed to second hand smoke can see their risk of lung cancer increase by 20%. 3 million Canadian wo
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Approximate Word count = 2215
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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