lies included small states close enough to the militant Sparta to be easily controlled; stronger (and more remote) states over which Sparta still had considerable influence; and the truly strong, independent cities of Thebes and Corinth. Spartan dominance rose from its unquestionable position as the preeminent continental army of the region. The farming and manual labor of the city was provided by slaves, which freed the male citizens to serve in the army. Spartan boys were all trained to serve in the military as professional soldiers, with individual and family needs subordinated to the needs of the state. The Athenian Empire was a more voluntary alliance of city-states that were impressed by the Athenian Navy's prowess in the Persian War and were willing to pay for its protection. Athens used this revenue to further improve its navy, as well as improve its own infrastructure and defenses. Included in these improvements was the construction of large walls around the city and down to the port at Piraeus, home of the Athenian Navy. The open Athenian democracy stood in stark contrast to the strict oligarchy of Sparta. A political, philosophical and cultural center, Athens' power and prosperity depended on its command of its great maritime empire, which was centered on the Aegean Sea. Its navy grew along with the alliance. There was an increasing concern in the Peloponnesian League that Athens' rapid growth was an opportunistic exploitation of Athenian allies and a direct threat to the League. Well-founded or not, these fears came to a head in 432, when Spartan allies lobbied hard for the League to check Athenian growth by declaring war. At these debates, a Spartan ally from Corinth chastised the perceived aggressive expansion of Athens, stating (Athenians) are by nature incapable of either living a quiet life themselves or of allowing anyone else to do so. Spartan Strategy It was at this point in the debates that Sparta's King Archidamus revealed his wisdom in both politics and war fighting. Noting Athens' naval superiority and expansive financial resources, he was fully aware that a conflict could not end quickly. I fear, he explained, that it is more likely that we shall be leaving (this war) to our children after us. Archidamus knew well the tenet proffered by the great Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu centuries before, who stated, Victory is the main object in war. If this is long delayed, weapons are blunted and morale depressed. When troops attack cities, their strength will be exhausted. A protracted campaign would not be good for Sparta. A delay in actually beginning warfare, however, would

Some topics in this essay:
Athenian Navy, Sun Tzu, Spartan Army, King Archidamus, Athens Archidamus, Pericles Spartan, Analysis Athenian, League Well-founded, Peloponnesian War, King Archidamus', athenian navy, king archidamus, peloponnesian war, spartan army, sun tzu, outside city walls, risk rebellion, diplomatic efforts, land power, walled city, king archidamus sparta, peloponnesian league,