Kingdom Protista

Archaeprotists, a Greek term which in English means "old protists," are all anaerobic and lack mitochondria. These organisms were once in a phylum called Zoomastigina, but this phylum has been divided into Archaeprotista and Discominochondriates, which have mitocondria.

Archamoebae, one of three classes of phylum Archaeprotista, is grouped into two subclasses and includes free-living, marine and freshwater protists. Subclass Pelobiontae includes one genus, Pelomyxa, large cells which lack almost every characteristic of eukaryotic cells exce

Diatoms are highly sexual and spend most of their lives in a diploid state. They reproduce by miotic cell division. The two daughter cells are slightly smaller than the parent cell.

Kinetoplastids are typically free-living and are common in stagnant water. They possess a large mitochondrion known as a kinetoplast. Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Sleeping Sickness, is a member of this class, as are other pathogenic and parasitic organisms.

Phylum Chrysomonada (also called Chrysophyta) is comprised of yellow algae. With the exception of silicoflagellates (silicomastigotes), chrysomonads are freshwater organisms. Of all the primarily unicellular protists, chrysomonads have the highest tendency to become multicellular. Chrysomonad reproduction consists of the formation of "heterokont zoospores" that relocate and form another colony (Margulis 1998); sometimes, a large colony breaks into smaller colonies, and the offspring colonies settle at different locations. Phylum Chrysomonada can be divided into three classes: Chrysophycae, Pedinellophyceae, and Dictyochophycese.

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