The development of criminological thought through the ninete
In this essay I will discuss the development of criminological thought through the nineteenth century. Previous to the nineteenth century the scientific study of why crime occurs had just begun. The eighteenth century was starting to logically reason why crime occurs, rather that just saying it was Satan who caused a person to commit a crime. The nineteenth century was really a huge jump for the development of criminological thought; it “is referred to as modern criminology” (Asian best network marketing mlm opportunity mail). “Criminologists conducted empirical tests of their theories, rather than relying solely on speculation, and consequently developed a wide range of theories” (Asian best network marketing mlm opportunity mail). Some key beneficiaries in this development were: Adolphe Quetelet who developed the “thermic law”(Frank Schmalleger, Rebecca Volk, 2001, 43), Andre Michel Guerry who along with Quetelet formed the basis for the “statistical school of criminology” (Frank Schmalleger, Rebecca Volk, 2001, 43), Thomas Robert Malthus who wrote the “essay on population” (Malthus’ Essay on Population), Cesare Lombroso who developed characterology, Enrico Ferri who brought the work done by Lombroso the
“Cesare Lombroso became worldwide renowned for his studies and theories in the field of characterology, or the relation between mental and physical characteristics” (Cesare Lombroso). Lombrosos’ over all goal in criminal science was to narrow down certain physical attributes and relate them to criminal behaviour. Some of those traits were: economic development, rather than psychological explanation are causes of crime” (Groups and Relations: A Sociological Sampler). These correlations are still constantly under observation. United states, Raffaele Garfalo who also contributed to the work of Lombroso, and Francis Galton who was the first person to introduce the use of fingerprinting to convict a criminal. In conclusion, there were numerous types of criminological thought developing in the nineteenth century. The two main types of development were biological and behavioural sciences. Quetelet, Guerry, Malthus, Lombroso, Ferri, Garfalo, and Galton all contributed to these two sciences. Quetelet, Guerry and Lombroso also contributed to the statistical side of research. Galtons’ work has lead to the conviction of many criminals. Although many of these theories have been disregarded, they have also built a strong foundation for the further development of criminology. Current theories are more advanced than those of the nineteenth century. Theories now “rely on specific features of genes or the brain, rather than appearance, as physical indicators toward crime”(Asian best network marketing mlm opportunity mail). Our technological advances have helped us in our research to advance criminological thought. In addition, without the research of these seven men our current state would not be as advanced as it is. These researchers dedicated theire lives to developing what is know as “modern criminology” (Asian best network marketing mlm opportunity mail).
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Approximate Word count = 2092
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)
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