Most clones result from asexual reproduction, a process in which a new

organism develops from only one parent. The one process of cloning, called

nuclear transfer, replaces the nucleus of an immature egg with a nucleus

from another cell. Most of the work with clones is done from cultures. An

embryo has about thirty or forty usable cells but a culture features an

almost endless supply. When the nucleus has been inserted into the egg

cell, the cell is given an electric shock to initiate the development.

Traditionally this is the sperm's role. In this paper we will be

discussing the advantages of different types of clones, such as they are

useful for research. We will also be discussing the disadvantages and

different techniques that result from the cloning of different organisms.

First lets start with the history of cloning. The modern era of

laboratory cloning began in 1958 when F.C. Steward cloned carrot plants

from mature single cells placed in a nutrient culture containing hormones.

The first cloning of animal cells took place in 1964. John B. Gurdon took

the nuclei from tadpoles and injected them into unfertilized eggs. The

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