Cherokee Indians
"The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830's was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790's than a change in that policy." The dictum above is valid and can be easily proven by examining the administration of Jackson and comparing it to the traditional course which was passed for about 40 years. After 1825 the federal government attempted to remove all eastern Indians to the Great Plains area of the Far West. The Cherokee Indians of northwestern Georgia made up a constitution which said that the Cherokee Indians were sovereign and not subject to the laws of Georgia to protect them from removal . When the Cherokees sought help from the Congress that body only allotted lands in the West and urged them to move. The Supreme Court, however, in Worcester vs. Georgia, ruled that they constituted a "domestic dependent nation" not subject to the laws of Georgia. Jackson, who supported the frontiersman, was so outraged that he refused to enforce the decision. Instead he persuaded the tribe to give up its Georgia lands for a reservation west of the Mississippi. In Document A, the map shows the relationship
Since the Supreme Court couldn't enforce this opinion, Jackson carried through his act of moving the Indians west of the Mississippi. All in all, from the early 1790's to the late 1830's, the policy that Jackson set forth reinforced the precedent which shaped national Indian policy between 1789 and mid 1830's. between time and the policies which affected the Indians. From the Colonial and Confederation treaties, a significant amount of land had been acquired from the Cherokee Indians. Successively, during Washington's, Monroe's, and Jefferson's administration, more and more Indian land was annexed. The administrations during the 1790's to the 1830's had continually acquired land from the Cherokee Indians. Jackson followed that precedent by the acquisition of more Cherokee lands. "That the Cherokee Nation may be led to a greater degree of civilization, and to become herdsmen and cultivators, instead of remaining in a state of hunters, the United States will from time to time gratuitously the said nation with useful implements of husbandry," the statement made by Henry Knox, shows an ethnocentric view toward the Indians. Knox viewed them as savages, and said that the role of the United States is to propagate their evolution into herdsmen and cultivators instead of hunters. What Knox did not realize was that he was attempting to change the culture of the Cherokee Indians, and that would be a violation upon their sovereignty. In reference to President Thomas Jefferson’s letter to Andrew Jackson in 1803, "The Indian tribes . . . have for a considerable time been growing more and more uneasy at the constant diminution of the territory they occupy, although affected by their own voluntary sales, and the policy has long been gaining strength with them of refusing absolutely all further sales on any conditions . . . . In order peaceable to counteract this policy of theirs and to provide an extension of territory which the rapid increase of our numbers will call for [they should be led to an agricultural way of life, thus lessening their need for land], in leading them thus to . . . civil
Some topics in this essay:
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Andrew Jackson,
James Monroe,
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President Washington,
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Mississippi River,
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Approximate Word count = 1417
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
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