Douglas Nelson opened the inquiry with points at which science has changed. The basis was the changing of sciences from old to new. The first subject was how the reality of the universe has or has not changed. The reality of the universe hasn’t changed, but our understanding of reality has changed. For example, the earth isn’t flat. Another topic he mentioned was the changing of textbooks in science. Mr. Nelson had a textbook from 1965 and it did not contain information on how earthquakes happened, the formation of volcanoes, mountains and plate tectonics.
Dr. Jim Luken spoke on three paradigm shifts from the mid 1600’s to present. The first was