Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with certain childhood cancers, it doubles the likelihood of bearing an infant with intrauterine growth retardation; and it increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, and delivery of a stillborn infant. Smoking during pregnancy impedes the growth of the fetus and may impair the learning ability of the infant. It is also increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and reduces infant birth weight by as much as 200 grams.1 Women who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk of spontaneous abortions (miscarriages). A pregnant woman who smokes is 1.6 times more likely than a nonsmoker to have a spontaneous abortion.

Tobacco use among pregnant women has declined in recent years, there is still a long way to go to reach the Health

5. Involve parents or families in support of school-based programs to prevent tobacco use. Parents and families provide important support to programs. In addition, the school-based program may provide additional motivation for adult smokers to quit.

effective interventions, programs, and policies for preventing pregnant women smoking must be firmly grounded in science and theory. Second, the full participation of communities is necessary to develop a sense of ownership for the problem of pregnant women smoking and it’s solutions.

2. Provide instruction about the short-term and long-term negative health and social consequences of tobacco use, social influences on tobacco use, peer norms regarding tobacco use, and refusal skills. Rather than just providing information about tobacco’s harmful effects or attempting to frighten young people about the consequences of tobacco use, school programs should address the many psychosocial factors related to tobacco use. Students should receive instruction on the multiple undesirable aspects of smoking-from stained teeth to cancer-and understand that most adolescents do not smoke. The program should also help students to understand why some adolescents do smoke (to be accepted by peers, to appear mature, to assert independence, to cope with stress, and so on) and to develop better ways of attaining these goals. Developing students’ refusal skills to help them identify and reject pro-tobacco messages from advertising, adults, and peers is important also.

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