Acting as a counterweight, Hemingway’s mother tried to instill conventional values in her children in the designated role of the family as disciplinarian. She insisted that her son attend church, that he take part in music lessons, and the he generally embrace prevalent Protestant work ethic values of mainstream, Anglo-Saxon Americans during the Progressive era. Hemingway appears to have rankled at the strictures that his mother’s sense of moral order

Dislodged from this haven in 1920 by his mother’s fiat, Hemingway secured a position as a personal assistant to a handicapped teenager in Toronto. This move led him to an employment interview with the Toronto Star, where he first worked as a copywriter, and then convinced his editor to deploy him as a foreign correspondent in Europe. In 1921, Hemingway married the first of his four wives, Hadley Richardson, and the two departed for Paris and the epicenter of the avant garde on its Left Bank.

Hadley Richardson was the beneficiary of a modest trust found, but the newlyweds were by no means wealthy; they lived in a small flat that lacked running water. Hemingway’s foreign correspondent position was part-time and piecemeal. This made life financially difficult for the couple, but provided Hemingway with the spare time to write poems, vignettes, and sketches. Unfortunately, this very early body of writing was lost, apparently stolen while he was on a train trip in France. In 1923, Ernest and his wife had their first child, John, and Hemingway had his first publishing success with a short story entitled “My Old Man.” Along with two other pieces of work; one being “In Our Time.”

Returning home to Cuba, Hemingway planned to write a book based upon his World War two experiences, but never followed through with it. In 1950, Across the River and into the Trees, Hemingway’s first full-length novel in a decade appeared in print. It enjoyed a modest commercial success. Not only did serious literary critics find the book disappointing, many began to suggest that its author’s talent had suffered irreversible erosion. But Hemingway proved them wrong. Upon his return to Cuba, he plotted out a multi-part sea novel. Although drafts portions of this opus would be published after Hemingway’s death as Island in the Stream, in 1951, he abandoned this grand vision and focused on one section of the project. The result was The Old Man and the Sea(1952). The text of Hemingway’s fourth novel appeared in a November, 1951 special issue of Life Magazine. It was both a popular sensation, selling over five million copies in a matter of days, and a major literary achievement for which he would receive the Nobel Prize in 1954.

In 1929, Hemingway drew upon his World War one experiences for his second novel, A Farewell to Arms. It’s a tragic love story was again enormous artistic ans commercial success, selling over 80,000 copies in the first couple of months of its distribution. Now financially secure, Hemingway was overly happy with his life in Key West, with his marriage to Pauline and with the opportunity to sail and fish in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1933, he embraced on the first of several safaris in Africa. These exploits were the basis in semi-fictional Green Hills of Africa(1935). Hemingway also drew upon an interest in bull-fighting that he

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