Europe’s Religious Revolution

In the first half of the 16th century Western Europe experienced a wide range of social, artistic, and geo-political changes as the result of a conflict within the Catholic church. This conflict is called the Protestant Reformation, and the Catholic response to it is called the Counter-Reformation. The Reformation movement begins in 1517 when a German friar named Martin Luther posts a list of grievances, called the "Ninety-Five Theses", against the Roman Catholic Church.

In the Roman church a series of powerful popes including Leo X and Paul III responded respond to the demands in various ways. Friar orders are formed to reinforce Catholic doctrine and the Church continued to be supported by the major European mo

During this time Luther's reforms quickly spread through Europe bringing much support, due to the invention of the printing press. However, Pope Leo X in the Edict of Worms, condemned Luther as a heretic.

1. There should be national rather than Roman control of church finances;

narchies. Ultimately, the Reformation created a north-south split in Europe. In general the northern countries became Protestant while the south remained Catholic.

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