Germany and Austria were each divided into four zones under American, British, Soviet and French control. In eastern Europe, Rumania, Hungary, and Bulgaria (which had been allies of Germany) were placed under Soviet control. British and American forces occupied Italy. In Asia, Japan was occupied mainly by American forces; Korea, by the American and the Soviet Union; and Manchuria, by Soviet and Chinese forces.

Draft treaties were presented to the Paris Conference with regard to Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland in July 1946.

The conference became a struggle for power between two rival blocs : the Western powers and the Easter communist countries. The Soviet Union aimed to increase its power and influence, while the Western Powers wanted to limit Soviet expansion.

In February 1947, separate peace treaties were signed in Paris with Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Fin

When elections were finally held in Poland in 1947, the communists’ provisional government claimed victory. In fact, more than 80% of the votes had voted against the communists. In spite of protests from the United States and Britain, communist rule in Poland continued.

In the case of Poland, the decisions of wartime conferences were not fully carried out. At Yalta, Stalin had promised to include non-communists in the new Polish government and to hold free elections. But he did not keep his promises. The provisional government, established in Poland at the end of the war, was controlled by communists. Then, after the war, free elections were delayed when the pro-Soviet group saw that they could not win.

The most difficult problem was how to make a permanent peace settlement with Germany. Before Germany could sign a peace treaty with the Allies, it had to be reunified. Early attempts to reunify all occupation zones economically failed because of Soviet and French opposition. In 1947, the American and the British zones were finally united economically. The French joined them the following year, 1948.

land. The defeated nations were to pay war reparations to the S

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