Newton discovered concentric coloured rings in the thin film of air between a lens and a flat sheet of glass. The distance between these concentric rings depended on the increasing thickness of the film of the air.[a]

At the time numerous pieces of equipment were made to generate the interference patterns. The best device was made by a French optician, Duboscq.

Newton’s rings demonstrate the wave-like nature of light (though Newton himself did not believe in the wave-like behaviour of light).

Because Newton opposed the wave theory of light, Huyghens superposition theory was not accepted until one hundred and fifty years later. The turning point in accepting the wave theory of light came in 1818 when Fresnel wrote a brilliant memoir on diffraction. [c]

Similarly, I have calculated our value of r0 correct to the nearest millimeter whilst inaccuracy either way is less than this. Our value of r0 for the lens is a sensible one for a lens of the size we were measuring.

In 1962 a Russian scientist, Dr Uri N. Denisyuk developed a new holograph-producing method. By combining holography with 1908 Nobel Laureate Gabriel Lippmann's work in natural color photography, Denisyuk was able to approach produce holograms which, for the first time, could be viewed in light from an ordinary incandescent light bulb.[d]

Some topics in this essay:
Experimental Method, Gabriel Lippmann's, Theory Interference, Society December, Holograms Holography, Leith Upatnieks, Duboscq Newton’s, Gabor British/Hungarian, Nobel Prize, Uri Denisyuk, glass plate, dark fringes, bright fringes, refractive index, radius curvature, refractive index water, curvature r0, laser light, reference beam, value r0, index water, radius curvature r0, radius curvature lens, index water ì, ½ë bright fringes,