The four philosophies are production, sales, market, and social market orientations. These four competing philosophies strongly influence the role of the marketing and market activities within an organization.

Production orientation is defined as: A philosophy that focuses on the internal capabilities of a firm rather than on the desires and needs of the marketplace. The goal is to focus on internal efficiency to achieve lower prices for consumers. It assumes that price is the critical variable in the purchase decision. It is when the management assesses its resources and questions: What can we do best, What can our engineers design, and What is easy to produce given our equipment. The goal is to make a lot and let the market come to them.

Sales orientation is defined as: The idea that people will buy more goods and services if aggressive sales techniques are used and that high sales results in high profits. A sale orientation assumes that buyers resist purchasing items that are not essential and that consumers must be persuaded to buy. I

Some topics in this essay:
Competition Understanding, , Example McDonalds, Consulting BCG, Encyclopedia Botanical, Example Wal-Mart, Example Lexus, Jennifer Lopez, Example DELL, Societal Marketing, market share, marketing mix, global marketing, global marketing standardization, marketing standardization, portfolio matrix, business unit, external environment, matrix business unit, matrix business, marketing managers, social ethical, portfolio matrix business, defined portfolio matrix, company’s relationship society,