"HENRIK IBSEN was a Norwegian writer and outstanding dramatist, whose influence spread far beyond the boundaries of his native country. Born in the provincial town of Skien, into a middleclass family who became poverty-stricken while he was still a child, Ibsen began life as a typical petty bourgeois forced to struggle for his daily bread. He started his career as a pharmacist's apprentice in the tiny village of Grimstad. Aloofness and independence had always been a rigid tradition with his family, and Ibsen adhered to this tradition through a keen sense of personal pride and a highly developed feeling of self-esteem; but as he was constantly thrown into contact with individuals and groups upon whom he was compelled to be dependent, his attitude was bound to result in a strong feeling of protest. Early in life Ibsen began to regard with sorrow and contempt the manifestations of servility and cowardice displayed by the poverty-stricken bourgeois toward the upper classes. Living amid such social surroundings, and in such a frame of mind, it was natural for Ibsen to turn radical. The personal indignities he was made to endure--some of them inflicted upon him by his own countrymen--and the widespread injustice he witnessed in the worl
Marxists believe that capitalist society is divided into two social classes:
d at large, compelled him to take a stand against his own self and to adopt an attitude of almost revolutionary aggressiveness.Ibsen's plays unquestionably voice the protest of the determined and powerful petty bourgeoisie against antagonistic capitalist principles--in the name of ... But here lies the difficulty. In the name of what, and why, did this powerful petty bourgeoisie call upon its literature for its ideal?