Huck Finn
Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn deals with the issue of collective consciousness, and Huck's digression from collective consciousness, on many levels. Collective consciousness can be seen as any form of knowledge or behavior that is accepted by a large number of people. In Huck Finn collective consciousness is discussed in the form of religion, mob violence, con artistry, and Southern society. In all of these scenarios collective consciousness has some form of negative effect deriving from the fact that for collective consciousness to work the problem at hand must be universalized and thus oversimplified, distancing the people who subscribe to the collective consciousness from the particulars (and moral specifics) of the problem. Through this process judgment is clouded and morality is skewed. Mark Twain is trying to emphasize that every situation must be interpreted conditionally, and not universally through collective consciousness, and Huck has trouble coming to terms with the collective consciousness of society because society does not accept his individual circumstance.The first example of collective consciousness that Huck comes in contact with (besides Southern society as a whole, of course) is religion
The news was all over the won in two minutes, and you could see the people tearning down on the run, from every which way, some of them putting on their coats as they come. Pretty soon we was in the middle of a crowd, and the noise of the tramping was like a soldier-march. The windows and door-yards was full; and every minute somebody would say, over a fence: in the form of Christianity that the Widow and Miss Watson teach him. In this case religion is a collective consciousness because it represents standardized morals, teachings, and judgments, and even though Christianity takes many forms, it is still a collective consciousness because it is a belief system that is shared, spread, and unconditionally accepted by certain people. Religion is introduced to Huck as a moral code and as a judgment system, but he recognizes (somewhat unknowingly) that the collective consciousness of religion oversimplified things and does not necessarily fit (in the concrete terms he learned about morality) to the situation in which he is placed. Religion (as well as formal society) seems to be silly, superfluous, and unnecessary in Hucks's eyes. For example, Huck scoffs at the formal religious customs and loses interest in learning about Moses once he learns that Moses lived a long time ago and thus does not directly come into contact with his own life. Miss Watson presents religion to Huck in simplistic terms, as he encounters religious morality as "she told me about the bad placeā¦(2)," and prayer with the explanation, "pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get it. (8)" Huck seizes on these broad terms by accepting them as true yet defying them on his own personal terms by saying that he wished to go to the "bad place" instead of the "good place." But Huck does not merely defy for the sake of contradiction, he does so because to him it makes more sense in the terms of his individual life, whereas the group consciousness of religion is supposed to make sense on a broad impersonal level. His reason for wanting to defy simple religious morality is practical for him: he wants to be with his friend Tom Sawyer. Huck relays, "I asked her if Tom Sawyer would go [to the good place], and, she said, not by a considerable sight. I was glad about that, because I wanted him and me to be together. (2)" This is an initial example of how collective consciousnesses in Huck Finn represent a severage of the individual from the individual problem or situation, and by oversimplifying things thus cloud morality and judgment. Huck comes to terms with this problem when he confronts the morality imposed on him by the collective consciousnesses of society and religion and the personal moral problems and emotions he has (and how the morality he has learned doesn't necessary apply directly to his life) when he is contemplating writing a letter that would send Jim back into slavery. (COME BACK TO THIS) Well, pretty soon the whole town was there, squirming and pushing and shoving to get at the window and have a look, but the people that had the places wouldn't give them up, and folks behind them was saying all the time, "Say now, you've looked enough, you fellows; 'taint right and 'taint fair, for you to stay thar all that time, and never give nobody a chance; other folks has their rights as well as you." (109
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Approximate Word count = 2294
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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