Comparsion of Mesopotamia and Egypt

The first civilizations emerged in the Mesopotamia about 3500B.C.. It was the oldest known of civilization, although Egypt gave birth to civilization before 3100B.C.

Mesopotamia landed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East, Mostly included in modern-day Iraq. The insecure borders were constant danger of attack.

Egypt was in the North Africa, surrounding by the mountains, seas and deserts. Ancient Egyptian settled themselves along the Nile River which was well protected against foreign invasion.

The coincidence of heavy rains and deep snow in Mesopotamia frequently produced disastrous floods that devastated farmlands instead of filling irrigation canals. Their literature is filled with lines like these:

The rampant flood which no man can oppose,

Which shakes the heavens and causes earth to tremble...

And drowns the harvest in its time of ripeness.

Living in this fertile river valley, The pioneer farmer dug shot canals leading from the river channels to their fields. The development of more productive irrigation agriculture gradually increased the food supply. The basic

„c The geographies of Mesopotamia and Egypt were flood-plains. And the valley settlement gradually developed more productive irrigation agriculture

The Mesopotamian built ziggurats, large stepped towers, made of solid mud-brick. The Ziggurats consisted of many levels of steps, and at the top was the temple. The ziggurats were believed to have been built for religious purposes.

The Sumerians developed sciences and mathematics, as well as writing, in response to concrete needs of their increasingly complex society. They chief contribution was the development of the first systems for measuring time, distance, area, and quantity. And Mesopotamian astrologers over the course of many centuries accumulated an enormous amount of data that later was used to develop scientific astronomy.

„c Both Egypt and Mesopotamia were hierarchical state systems. They all emphasized social stratification, with a noble, landowning class on top and masses of peasants and slaves at the bottom. A powerful priestly group also figured in the elite. They all developed political and economic systems successfully.

Mesopotamia¡¦s Hanging gardens located on the banks of the Euphrates River near Baghdad, Iraq. They were built around 562B.C. And it is one of the ancient seven wonders of the world.

In Mesopotamia women¡¦s position was deteriorated

Afterlife of Mesopotamian was indistinct and undesirable.

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