Sports Economics
Sport is organized among individuals and among teams, and is professional or amateur. Most of the interesting questions on the economics of sports relate to professional team sport, which is the focus of this paper. Over the histories, and until very recently, in some leagues, players have been restricted from moving between clubs within a league. Club owners have claimed that reservation of players or the imposition of transfer fees was necessary to maintain financial soundness of small clubs and to preserve competitive balance within leagues. The significance of sports in the United States is seemingly undeniable as sports activities, teams, personalities, and scores filter through the media and the social, education, and economic landscapes (Henry 1999). For this reason antitrust issues in the sports marketing context present complex challenges for the courts, legislature, and public policymakers.History of Sports in the United States In the 1800’s, sports activities were mainly the domain of wealthy men who participated in polo, yachting, and tennis. One exception is baseball, “America’s game,” which has experienced 150 years of popularity (Kurk
The regulation of professional sports requires balancing the competing interests and exchange relationships of multiple parties in the sports marketing process. For example, teams are willing to implement self-regulation of competition because of the need to distribute talent resources access the various teams to achieve a level of competition among teams that will attract fans and other supporters. Both team ownership and the league are active participants in the development of pricing initiatives within the sports industry. A team may establish pricing plans for stadium parking, tickets, concessions, and promotional signage. A league may establish pricing levels for athlete compensation, sponsorship, licensed merchandise, and tickets for special events such as playoff games. For example, the National Football League (NFL) establishes pricing restrictions as it pertains to athlete compensation. During the 2000 NFL season, each franchise was limited to $62,172,000 for the compensation of their players’ salaries (NFL 2000; Oesher 2000). Another pricing issue relates to cable and satellite broadcast systems, by which fans have access to pay-per-view systems and bundling or packaging of sports programming. Professional sports have repeatedly been held to be subject to antitrust laws (Kaplan 1999). Certain decisions have illustrated the limitations of that antitrust regulatory impact. Under statutory law, the NFL and American Football League (AFL) were permitted to merge, thus achieving, monopoly status. As a result, there are fewer franchises, restriction of the nobility of players, and a movement of some sports programs to the cable television networks (Ross 1991).
Some topics in this essay:
Teams Team,
League NFL,
Hunter Mayo,
Sports United,
Sports Marketing,
Media Media,
Abstract Sport,
League AFL,
Process Seven,
Zwich Sutton,
sports marketing,
professional sports,
sports united,
sports marketing process,
marketing process,
antitrust issues,
revenue sharing,
media companies,
teams leagues,
competitive balance,
past century,
law sports marketing,
players involved league,
antitrust issues sports,
teams provide product,
Join now to see the rest of the essay!
Approximate Word count = 2213
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
More Essays on Sports Economics
Professional Papers: |
CUSTOMER SERVICES
|
|
Saved Papers
You haven't saved any papers.
|
Example Essays Home
