15) Describe the kinds of intermediate sanctions administered in the community: Home confinement, community service, day reporting centers, and intense supervision probation. In home confinement, offenders must remain at home during specific periods of time. They may face other restrictions under probation other than house arrest. This offers a great deal of flexibility because it can be used by itself, or with other penalties. The second kind of intermediate sanctions is community service. This requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community. Many judges order community service when an offender cannot pay a fine. The next form is day reporting centers. This is a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to meet the elements of their sentence. The last one is intensive supervision probation or ISP. This was formed for dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions then community based sanctions. ISP uses probation as an intermediate form of punishments by imposing conditions of strict reporting to the officers who have limited caseloads.

5) Describe the use of discretion by prosecutors: Prosecutors have a very big range of discretion. Their decisions can be political, or personal. After the police turn the case over to the prosecutor, they have total control over the decisions made. In the US, prosecutors can have doubts about evidence. If they aren’t sure if there is not enough evidence to charge a person guilty, then they can just let the jury decide instead of dropping charges. The prosecutor also has the ability to add other charges or counts, depending on the nature of the incident. They use discretion in deciding the number of charges because the more they add, the better the chance at a plea bargain. The prosecutor does not have complete control in plea bargaining however. This is because defense lawyers have the discovery process, where the prosecution shares information that they have from the case file. Prosecutors also use discretion when recommending sentences in a guilty plea.

2) Explain the role/functions of the judge in the criminal justice system: Judges play the most important role in the criminal justice system. They are by far the most powerful, and there decisions affect the entire system. Judges have the ability to arraign defendants, sign warrants, accept guilty pleas, set bail, and schedule cases. There most important job is to instill justice and protect the right of due process for the defendant. Judges can take on three roles in the system. They can be negotiators, administrators, and adjudicators. As you can see, the judges have the most important role, and it is up to them to do their job to the fullest.

s court consists of the chief justice of the U.S. and eight associate judges who hear a limited number of selected cases. We also have American trial courts. These courts are very small, and are often influenced politically and socially.

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