The regions of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Pakistan are of most interest. Most of the important agricultural, social and cultural developments too place in this region. Mesopotamia, name means the land between two rivers. It was surrounded by Tigris and Euphrates and was prehistorically a very fertile and sparsely populated land. Egypt was the river valley for Nile River and Pakistan was irrigated by the rive Indus. They were equally fertile and very sparsely populated. The formation of civilizations took place as a result of people being drawn to these fertile, sparsely populated lands by the promise of god like environments and life giving rivers. The change of perception of the valleys from fertile wild marshy lands to an inviting fertile land suited for civilizations was one of the first signs of cultural innovation and change. Soon the people figured out the kind of food crops that would be best suited for the region. The Mesopotamians also developed the art of irrigation. After about 3000 years of rain fed agiculture, the Mesopotamians started to move down the hills around the tributaries of the rivers, constructing levy breaks and controlling the water. They were the first civilization to successfully redistribute the water. Nile valley civilizations were characterized by rich alluvial deposits left over from annual flooding from the Nile River. The use of water from the river and the predictions for the timings of the floods gave rise to a number of mathematical innovations, such as the calendar. The technological developments took place directly as a result of agriculture and improved the success rates of the crops dramatically. This in turn gave people a better hope of sustenance and well-being, as a result the human populations rose very quickly and the civilizations began to develop as urbanized densely populated civilizations. This new found richness, the ability of these areas to sustain populations was found desirable by people around the regions. These places drew travelers and immigrants from all over the world that brought gifts and ideals from their parts of the world and integrated them with the new culture being formed in these civilizations. Some of these people came into these cities very peacefully integrating themselves into the society, and there were some who tried to gain control of the area.

This evidence of the civilizations being affected by the amount of food available to them can be witnessed in relatively modern times as well. The Great Lakes are a good example. People from all around the world began immigrating to the lands surrounding the Great Lakes, driven by the promise of surplus food, fish and abundant land to run industries on. The area was very sparsely populated at early times, crude fishing practices were used, people developed new ways to fish and developed superiority over other fishermen, hence gaining more

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