The West Nile virus first originated as a mosquito-borne disease which is known to cause a condition known as Encephalis. Encephalis or West Nile Encephalis is known to cause brain inflammation in humans. This disease starts as infected mosquitoes pass the deadly virus onto birds, animals, and humans. In the summer of 1999, the first domestically acquired cases in humans were formally documented inside the United States around New York City. Although the extreme winter season was likely to kill off all the mosquitoes and other insects, many virus-infecting, overwintering mosquitoes survived the harsh winter and the virus was renewed in the spring of 2000. The rapid expansion of the West Nile Virus in many birds and animals facilitated such a spread of disease

The Chagas disease is primarily spread by Reduviid bugs, more commonly known as “kissing bugs”. These bugs live inside small cracks and holes of poorly constructed housing mainly around South and Central America. These bugs become infected by biting an infected human or animal. The disease is then spread when the bug leaves feces on a person. This usually occurs when a person is sleeping at night and they accidentally rub the feces into a bite, wound, the eyes, or mouth. Animals can be infected the same way as humans but a more common way for animals to be infected is when they ingest an infected bug. As with the previous diseases mentioned above, the Chagas disease can also be contracted from a mother to her infant either through pregnancy or breast feeding. It is also important not to leave any food uncooked around an area that is thought to have kissing bugs. Any uncooked food with feces in it is potentially infectious.

Like the West Nile virus, malaria is transmitted mainly from the bite of an infected mosquito. There are a small amount of cases in other countries where malaria has been contracted by means of blood transfusions and from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy. For most cases, the mosquito injects a small amount of a parasite into the person’s bloodstream. Interestingly enough, a parasite inside a newly infected mosquito has to grow for more than a week before it can be contagious. If the parasite is passed on from a mosquito, it travels directly to the person’s liver and begins to multiply. Once in the liver for a period of time, the parasite travels into the blood stream and infects red-blood cells, causing them to burst. Not only do the parasites destroy red-blood cells but they also release toxins into the bloodstream leading to severe illness and fatigue. Unfortunately, symptoms don’t show up until as early as 8 days after transmission and have been known to be undetectable for up to several months.

has downplayed the plague and made it much less common of an illness. Nevertheless, no person should ever take this disease lightly because this quick and silent killer may someday resurface with a vengeance.

disease that has the potential to transmit parasites through mosquitoes here in the United States.

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