A constitution is the fundamental law by which a state or nation is organized and governed. The United States Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States of America. It establishes the framework of government, assigns the powers and duties of governmental bodies, and defines the relationship between the people and their government. Similarly, a state constitution is fundamental law for a state. The United States Constitution and the state constitutions together provide the total framework for government within the United Sates. State constitutions are important because they deal with some matters not discussed at all in the United States Constitution.

To people familiar with the United States Constitution, the most striking aspect of the Texas Constitution is its length. At 76, 000 words, the Texas Constitution is one of the longest state constitutions in the nation. The Texas Constitution includes a number of features in common with the United States Constitut

ion: a bill of rights, separation of powers with checks and balances, and bicameralism.

The United States Constitution is a relatively brief document of general principles. In contrast, states constitutions are usually longer and more detailed than the national document.

Furthermore, the Texas Bill of Rights includes a number of measures not found in the national Bill of Rights. While the United States Constitution provides for the right to a jury trial only if defendants face more than six months in jail, the Texas Constitution guarantees the right to trial by jury for persons charged with any offense, even minor traffic violations. The Texas Constitution also contains two guarantees of equal rights more explicit and detailed than any comparable measure included in the United States Constitution. Both provisions are found in Article I, Section 3. The first measure is fairly broad: “All free men ... have equal rights.” The second provision, which was added by amendment in 1972, is more specific: “E

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