References Alterman, A.I., Cacciola, J.S., McDermott, P.A., Mulholland, E.M., & Newman, J.P., Rutherford, M.J. (2000). Generality of psychopathy checklist--Revised factors over prisoners and substance-dependent patients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68, 181-186. Damasio, A.R. (2000). A neural basis for sociopathy. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, 118-119. Fukuhara, T., Kato, M., & Yoshino, A. (2000) Premorbid risk factors for alcohol dependence in antisocial personality disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 35-38. Smith, R.J. (1999). Psychopathic behavior and issues of treatment. New Ideas in Psychology, 17, 165-176.

isorder is that they show no remorse for their victims or anyone involved. Interpersonally, those with APD are gradoise, arrogant, callous, superficial, and manipulative (Alterman et al. 2000). Affectively, those with APD are short-tempered, unable to form strong emotional bonds with others, lacking empathy, guilt, or remorse (Smith 1999). Behaviorally, those with APD are irresponsive, impulsive, and prone to violate social and legal norms and expectations (Smith 1999). DSM III gives a list of criteria for the diagnosis of APD. These five points are as follows: 1. “A history of illegal or socially disapproved activity beginning before age 15 and continuing into adulthood.” 2. “Failure to show constancy and responsibility in work, sexual relationships, parenthood, or financial obligations.” 3. “Irritability and aggressiveness” 4. “Reckless and impulsive behavior” 5. “Disregard for the truth” (Smith, 1999) Males with this disorder are also known to lack certain responsibilities and obligations which lead them to do things such as walk out on jobs, wives, children, and creditors (Fukuhara; Kato; & Yoshino, 2000). The sad truth about this disorder is that “by puberty these men have already begun a career of antisocial behavior in the form of truancy, delinquency, theft, vandalism, lying, drug abuse, casual sex, running away from home, chronic misbehavior in school. As adults they lead to prostitution, pimping, drug selling, or other crimes.” (Alterman et al. 2000). Although many men may show traits of APD, they have to show specific characteristics in order to be diagnosed with the disorder. These specific characteristics include, “a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15, must be at least 18 years old, and evi

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