manhattanproject

World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,

because a lot of it’s earlier research was done in New York City. An atomic bomb is a weapon that uses

the energy from a nuclear reaction called Fission for its destruction.

The idea that mass could be changed into energy was predicted by Albert Einstein in the earlier

part of the 1900’s. John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton confirmed this by experiments in 1932. Then in

1938, nuclear fission was discovered by German scientists, and it was feared by many of the U.S.

scientists, that Hitler would try to build a fission bomb. Three Hungarian-born physicists, Leo Szilard,

Eugene Wigner, and Edward Teller asked Albert Einstein to send a letter to Franklin Roosevelt.

Compelled by the letter in late 1939, Roosevelt ordered an effort to obtain an atomic weapon before

At first, this program was led by Vannevar Bush, head of the National Defense Research committee

and the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Then it came under control of Leslie Groves of

and become Uranium-239. All uranium has 92 protons. U-238 has 146 neutrons, and the added neutron raised

Museum in the park has relics of the attack. Nearby is the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, which

bomb uses a device called an altimeter to measure how far it is from the ground. It sends out radio

scientists who built them, argue that the U.S.’s use of the bomb was the first act of the cold war.

Enrico Fermi. On December 2, 1942 it made a controlled chain reaction. Five large reactors were built at

damaged. The bomb weighed 9,700 pounds. It detonated 1900 feet above the city, and exploded with a force

studies the effects of radiation. Clinics have been set up to fight radiation illness and other effects

processing the Uranium-235 from the more common Uranium-238. Uranium-235 is used because it is

Russia, China, and Britain in agreement. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, ending the war that had

bomb was produce and sent to Los Alamos, where it was made into a gun-type weapon. One small piece of

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