Hantaviruses first came into existence through human eyes during the Korean War. Over 2000 U.S. soldiers were affected with this unknown virus that was quickly found to be carried through field mice. The natural territory of this virus included parts of Japan, Korea, northeastern China, and southeastern and central Russia. Between 1955 and 1977, this virus caused many more infections along with fatalities. Throughout the 1970s, eleven other strains of hantaviruses were found in Korea and Eurasia. In 1976, Hantaan virus was isolated from the Apodemus agreavius

Rodriques, Luis, Jessica Owens, Clarence Peters, Stuart Nichol (1998)

Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyavirus family. In this family there are five genera: Bunyavirus, Phlebovirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Hantavirus. Unlike other members of Bunyavirus, which are arthropod-borne, the hantavirus is rodent-borne. Hantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with a tripartite genome that consists of a large (L), medium (M), and small (S) segment (Rodriguez 99). They are spherical and enveloped. The L protein acts as a replicase, transcriptase, and endonuclease. The M and S code for two surface glycoproteins G1 and G2 and a nucleocapsid protein (N) respectively. The envelope glycoproteins are thought to be the major elements involved in induction of immunity to hantaviruses. Genomic RNA of hantavirus shows relatively few differences in length between the L and M segments. However, the S segment varies in length mainly in its 3' noncoding region. The noncoding region specific to the S segment is made up of numerous imprecise repeats.

In HPS, capillary leakage was largely localized in the lungs, rather than in the retroperitoneal space, and the kidneys are largely unaffected. The Sin Nombre (SN) virus has caused most of the cases in the United States. In HPS, death occurs from shock and cardiac complications, even with adequate tissue oxygenation.

Bhide, Vinay, Alexandre Ilich, Alexandr Kolbasnik, David MacPherson. The

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