All things consist of particles called atoms

The way molecules behave governs the workings of many machines, such as ships, airplanes, pumps, refrigerators, and combustion engines.

Molecules of gases are so hyperactive that they will fill any space open to them

In liquids, the molecules are less energetic and go haphazardly around in small groups

In a solid, the molecular bonds are strong and hold the molecules firmly together so that the solid is hard and rigid.

The point at which all heat vanishes is called absolute zero

The atoms of elements are made up of even smaller particles – electrons, which form the outer shells of each atom, and protons and neutrons, which make up its nucleus

Water does move out of the way when any thing enters it. But rather than leaving nothing below an immersed object, the water around it pushes back and tries to support the object. If the water succeeds, the object floats.

All powered craft that travel in or on water move by imparting movement to the water or air around them and they steer by altering the direction in which the water or air flows

By adjusting the amount of water in the tanks, a submarine’s weight and buoyancy can be precisely regulated

Propellers and jet engines move air backward at high speeds and this pushes back to force the aircraft forward

In order to steer an airplane, a system of flaps is used. These act just like the rudders of a boat deflecting air flow and turning or tilting the airplane so that it rotates around its center of gravity.

An airship has a vast envelope that creates a powerful upthrust to lift the substantial weight of the cabin, engine, fans, and passengers

The density of an object is equal to its weight divided by its volume

Some topics in this essay:
, water air, provide lift, air passing, object water, water move, jet engine, equal weight, action reaction, angle wind,