Beijing has more colleges and universities than any other Chinese city. The most prominent institutions are Beijing University, founded in 1898; and Qinghua University, founded in 1911, which is the most prestigious scientific and technical institution in the country. Both institutions are located in the northwest suburbs, an area associated with higher education and research. Also in this area are the People's University, founded in 1937, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded in 1949.

In 1368 Zhu Yuanzhang (Chu Yüan-chang) established the Ming dynasty and designated Nanjing as his capital. He soon overran the Yuan capital at Beijing and changed the city's name to Beiping, which means Northern Peace. After his death in 1398 a struggle ensued between Zhu's grandson, who was the son of Zhu's deceased eldest son and the rightful heir to the throne, and Zhu's second eldest son, who usurped the throne and ruled as the Yongle emperor. The Yongle emperor moved the Ming capital to Beijing in 1420 and gave the city its current name, which means Northern Capital. The city developed and grew, and the basis for its current design and layout was implemented during this time. Additional construction of temples and palaces occurred during the succeeding Qing (Ch'ing) dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1911.

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