While Algeria is one of the wealthiest nations of Africa, declining oil prices reduced the annual income per capita to $1,550 in 1999, down from $2,360 in 1988. Agriculture plays a declining but still important role in the Algerian economy, while mineral production accounts for the largest part of the gross domestic product. Since the late 1960s the government has instituted major industrialization programs. The estimated annual national budget in the early 1990s included $14.4 billion in revenues and $14.6 billion in expenditures. Gross domestic product, which measures the total value of goods and services produced, was $47.9 billion in 1999.

Algeria ranks fifth in natural gases in 14th in oil reserves for the whole world. In Algeria the export of oil and gas began in 1958. The hydrocarbons sector of the industry is the main so

Imports of crude petroleum from Saudi Arabia for processing at Bahrain's oil refinery account for more than one-third of Bahrain's imports. Other imports include machinery and transportation equipment, food, and chemicals. Exports include petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, and manufactured goods. Bahrain's major trading partners are Saudi Arabia, India, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

The principal exports were petroleum, cotton and other textiles, preserved foods, beverages, tobacco, phosphates, fruits, and vegetables. The chief buyers of Syrian exports were Germany, Italy, France, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia. In November 1995 Syria and several other Middle Eastern and North African countries signed an agreement with the European Union to create a Mediterranean free trade zone by 2010.

The principal Algerian exports are natural gas, petroleum, iron ore, vegetables, tobacco, phosphates, fruit, cork, and hides. Major imports are machinery, textiles, sugar, cereals, iron and steel, coal, and gasoline. Chief purchasers of Algeria's exports are Italy, the United States, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Spain; leading sources for imports are France, Italy, the United States, Germany, Spain, and Japan.

Since the mid-1960s the government encouraged the growth of small-scale manufacturing. The government offered tax incentives and low-interest loans to entrepreneurs. Factories in Bahrain produce plastics, ceramic tiles, paper products, and carbonated beverages.

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