A symbiotic relationship is clearly seen with Virgie Mae Parsons and Edna Poppy. These two elderly and possibly widowed women live in the home next to Lou Ann and Taylor. In their relationship, Virgie Mae provides guid

Throughout this inspiring novel, Kingsolver portrays various examples of exceptionally different characters intertwined in a reliant bond. This theme of obligated mutualism is described through wisteria vines. Just as vines grow, intertwine, and weave patterns, the relationships Kingsolver describes unravel a similar growth process. She exemplifies this theme throughout this novel in revealing, Virgie Mae and Edna’s profound friendship, the co-dependency of Taylor and Lou Ann, and the unconditional love shared by Esteban and Esperanza. As Taylor concludes, “The wisteria vines on their own would just barely get by…but put them together with rhizobia and they make miracles” (228).

Most of the relationships of the novel are symbiotic yet to some degree reciprocal. This is true for Lou Ann, who provides Taylor with a perspective on her abilities, while Taylor calms Lou Ann's neuroses and instills her with a sense of confidence. When Taylor and Esteban

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