Fundamental Political Process
Classification is the fundamental interpretive process found in political cognition, whether individual or collective. Recall that Ronald Reagan's ``freedom fighters'' and Leonid Brezhnev's ``bandits and criminals'' were two classifications for the same Afghanistan resistance. These leaders selected labels to call forth desired political actions in their audiences. The intended perlocutionary effects arise because the labels elicit particular ways of framing the problem, or ``seeing-as'' (Wittgenstein, 1953), and from these stereotypical, or ``natural'' political responses follow. Examples such as this suggest that classification is a fundamental political act (Mefford, 1988a) standing behind conflict and cooperation. The basic cognitive process at work in classification involves an interplay between the micro-classifications of actions and relationships that call forth particular constructions of situations. These constructions, in turn, demand concordant micro classifications. Paul Ricoeur (1971) has dubbed this the double hermeneutic. When problem framing is freed from temporal anchors in the present, this classificational process shades into analogical reasoning, or precedent logics, which has been proposed to model politic
Lexical recognizers store constraint descriptions for different paraphrases, or alternate lexical realizations in surface semantics. Recognizers can incorporate selection constraints so their constraint descriptions will disambiguate words senses, picking out correct instances. Category instances are found as these constraint descriptions match knowledge structures in the text model. Lexical recognizers do not attach a tag word to sentence strings like conventional content analysis. Instead, each recognizer stores a separate constraint description that denotes the knowledge structure for the concept it recognizes. As recognizers locate instances, they label them with a subsumption relation from the knowledge structure for the concept to the instance knowledge structure. As lexical recognizers find and label instances, explicit taxonomic structures grow up from the instances toward more general and abstract categories. An advanced definition interface (section 3.1.4) allows users to supply English sentences or noun phrases to specify constraint descriptions that retrieve lexical realizations and denote the associated concept. This frees the user from the need to know the details of the constraint language used by the RELATUS reference system.
Some topics in this essay:
Text Representation,
Language System,
Leonid Brezhnev's,
Alker Bennet,
Paul Ricoeur,
,
content analysis,
text models,
semantic content,
semantic content analysis,
constraint descriptions,
lexical recognizers,
Ronald Reagan's,
lexical classification,
knowledge structure,
text model,
knowledge structure concept,
english sentences,
referentially-integrated text models,
reference section,
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Approximate Word count = 843
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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