Affirmative Action: how is it affecting women in the complex and harsh world that we live in? In its simplicity, Affirmative Action is a catch-all phrase referring to laws, customs, and social policies intended to alleviate the types of discrimination that limit opportunities for a variety of groups in various social institutions. One socially oppressed group that has been helped by Affirmative Action programs is women. Women face many barriers that keep them from advancing into occupations that are at the superior end of employment. When women are given higher-level jobs, they are often confined to specific departments with less authority, which gives them less likelihood to advance into senior managerial jobs. Affirmative Action programs give women the chance to break the barriers and advance into higher paying jobs with more opportunities.

Facts show that work force barriers to women are real and stopping their advancement in the workforce. One study clearly shows us one of the various effects of discrimination in the workforce. A study commissioned by the Association of the Bar of the City of New York recently found that the rate of promotion to partnersh

Affirmative Action programs give open doors for qualified women, leading them towards higher paying wages and advancement potentials. Several companies have implemented Affirmative Action programs to help break the barrier that women face. An example of a company that has applied Affirmative Action programs is the Northern Trust Company. Northern Trust Corporation, a multi-bank holding company, has had Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity policies for many years. In 1988, the corporation launched a formal diversity initiative. The initiative involved a three-year plan to establish senior level representation goals, diversity training, enhanced communications, goals in performance expectation, and career development. The diversity initiative showed great results, one being a 450% increase in the number of female senior vice presidents and higher (Pathways 42). Northern Trust Corporation has not been the only company that has yielded success in these types of programs. The Xerox Corporation, US West, and Kraft Foods have also seen results in programs that help break the barrier for women in the workforce (Pathways 35) (Glass Ceiling #4). Affirmative Action programs help companies make full use of a larger talent pool, in turn, target new markets, increase profit and productivity, and improve moral. The barrier that wom

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