Oil as a political weapon
When the oil weapon was first unsheathed in 1973, it had a dramatic and lasting effect on the world economy and Western states. As a weapon of economic embargo, no one can deny its success, quadrupling the price of the world’s major commodity in the space of a few days. However, its political effectiveness is less than clear-cut. United States tends not to be susceptible to quick changes in policy through economic cajoling. Most of the Arab demands in 1973 with regards to the Palestinians and Israel remained unfulfilled, although an amicable cease-fire was brokered by the United States. Today in the Middle East it is widely accepted that, - “Economics...has taken priority over politics, co-operation has replaced confrontation”. The Middle East is not in the position it was in 1973 with regards to oil exports, and with natural gas and new oil finds outside the Middle East coming into play it does not have the kind of monopoly on energy that it once had. However it would be foolish to write off the oil ‘weapon’, even if conventional wisdom tells us that it will not be used again. It is worth remembering that firstly
Lieber, Robert J. 1992. “Oil and Power After the Gulf War.” International Security. Volume 17 No. 1, summer 1992. The Arab oil weapon since that date has remained unused in any coherent form. This is due to a number of differing factors, some of which have had more effect than others. Undoubtedly the most important is the interdependence with the world economy that the Arab economies found themselves inextricably linked to. This soon became clear to Arab states. However, it came sooner to some than others, with a confrontation at an OPEC conference in Doha at the end of 1976 being a watershed with the Saudi government refusing to increase prices, - “Saudi policy at Doha stemmed from a hard-headed realizations that the health of the OPEC economies is linked to that of the Western economies, and inflation caused by oil prices rebounds on the OPEC members”. The Arab states are now more than ever dependent on their oil revenue, with huge debts, like Saudi Arabia’s $62 Billion to service they literally cannot afford to play political games when their economies are in such dire need of capital. While economies have
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Approximate Word count = 761
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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