(2.) Behavior can be described and explained without making reference to mental events or to internal psychological processes. The sources of behavior are external (in the environment), not internal (in the mind).

Psychoanalytic psychology is a behavior influenced by unconscious thoughts. These unconscious thoughts may be presented as dreams or emotions. Sigmund Freud believed that all thoughts, emotions, and actions are all pre-meditated. Freud also created psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the exploration of unconscious conflicts. Many of Sigmund Freuds students began creating their own theories. These students became known as the neo-freudians. His students accepted his theory but they made it their own.

A major aspect of psychology called behaviorism developed from research on learning. The American psychologist John B. Watson introduced behaviorism in 1913; he felt psychologists should study only observable behavior rather than states of consciousness or thought processes. He believed that changes in a subject's behavior result from conditioning, a learning process in which a new response b

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