In the agricultural sphere the chief casualties of the Famine were the cottiers, who lived at a substance level and who were therefore particularly susceptive to starvation and disease, cottiers were also those most given to migration. The near disappearance of the cottiers or labourers was linked to the consolidation of holdings in the Famine years and after, for the death, migration or eviction of the poor created opportunities for substantial farmers and landlords, a quarter of all farms disappeared between 1845 and 1851, while the average size of farms increased in the same period. Ireland in the post Famine years was a country of middling farms. During and after the Famine there was a considerable shift away from tillage, which had been a mainstay of Irish agriculture sine the late eighteenth century. Cormac O

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