Sutherland and Cressay’s Theory of Association states that most criminal behavior is learned through contact with criminal elements and patterns which are present, acceptable, and rewarded in one’s physical and social environment. They also summarized their theory with a set of nine propositions. Walter Reckless considered conforming and nonconforming behavior as two alternative responses to the control system that regulates human conduct. The control system was conceived by Reckless as a double line of defense that protects society. This defense barrier is called Inner Containment and represents the ability of the person to resist temptations to deviate and to maintain normative loyalty. The Outer Containment is the formidable array of legal demands and prohibitions that keep most

people within the behavioral bounds of their society.

~School Truancy: This simply means when a child skips school without letting their parent or legal guardian know their whereabouts. When relating this to Differential Association, as stated criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process if communication. When this child skips school, most of the time it’s because it’s a group of children that want to do something for fun and they just have so much time on their hands which allows for them to think of something deviant to do. For example stealing candy from the local community store or spray painting on the side of a building, I believe is done when these children skip school with no legitimate reason.

~ Theft: Based on the fact that criminal behavior is learned, juveniles that steal tend to because they saw someone else do it and that person didn’t get caught or peer pressure. It’s like they do these deviant a

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