To begin with, Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588. He commenced to write about politics in the 1640s, while the conflict was developing between the king and the parliament that resulted in the English civil war. In 1640, when the king's supporters began to lose, as he was in favor of absolutism, he had to go to France with many royalists. For a time, he was the teacher of the Prince of Wales, later Charles II. He associated with French philosophers, Mersenne, Gassendi, Descartes and others. He conducted a controversy with Bish

And because the condition of war of every one against every one, in which case every one is governed by his own reason, and there is nothing he can make use of that may not be a help unto him preserving his life against his enemies; it followeth that in such a condition every man has a right to every thing, even to one another’s body.

He means, provided that the state is formed by all people under one monarch, it is as powerful as Leviathan and it cannot be destroyed by enemies and it brings peace to all people in the country. This idea can be seen on the title page of the book on which there is a king whose body is made up of people. The sovereign represents all the people as one body. In one hand he has a sword; in the other hand he has a bishop's staff. Hobbes believed that the sovereign was head of the both civil government and Church. According to Hobbes the sovereign has the right to establish a religion and has the right to determine the doctrines of that religion, and the right to say which the books of the Bible are and how they must be interpreted.

Hobbes advocates absolutism; yet, he also claims through these words that men are equal: “But this proveth rather that men are in that point equal, than unequal.” which is the contradiction of Hobbes.

This done, the multitude so united in one person is called COMMONWEALTH; in Latin, CIVITAS. This is the generation of that great LEVIATHAN, or rather, to speak more reverently, of that mortal God to which we owe, under the immortal God, our peace and defense. For by this authority, given him by every particular man in the Commonwealth, he hath the use of so much power and strength conferred on him that, by terror thereof, he is enabled to form the wills of them all, to peace at home, and mutual aid against their enemies abroad.

He believes that state of nature is a condition which rational and self-motivated people would want to end. The foundation of Hobbes's theory is the view that humans are psychologically motivated by only selfish interests. Hobbes argued that, for only selfish reasons, it is better to live in a world with moral rules than one without moral rules. Without moral rules, our property, our families, and even our lives are at continual risk. Hence, Hobbes regards the state of nature as state of war. To get out of this state of war involves a social contract whose clauses are the laws of nature. In this contract, governed people transmit their rights to one sovereign who is the supreme leader. Once the contract is signed, it is irr

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