HISTORY.
The first person that was credited on the research of total internal reflection was John Tyndall. In 1854, he demonstrated that light used internal reflection to follow a specific path by using a jet of water that flowed from one container to another with light that was made incident at a glancing angle. This simple experiment marked the first research into the guided transmission of light. .
In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell invented "photophone". This device allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light by projecting voice through an instrument toward a mirror demonstrating the basic principle of optical communications. (Bell transmitted his voice as a telephone signal through about 600 feet of free space (air) using a beam of light as the carrier). It functioned similarly to the telephone, except the photophone used light as a means of projecting the information, while the telephone relied on electricity. This type of transmission was rather ineffective due to outside interferences such as clouds or trees that disrupted transport but it is recognized as the progenitor of the modern fiber optics. .
The rise of the innovation reached a critical mass in 1950's and the young technology slowly emerged into the daily world. In 1956, Narinder Kapany who took the important role in the whole drama invented the glass-coated glass rod (optical fiber with cladding) that was used for non-telecommunications applications. The optical fiber with cladding helped eliminate the biggest problem that hindered Alexander Graham Bells photophone by providing a means of protecting the beam of light from environmental obstacles. This development was suitable for medical purposes because it had a light loss of one decibel per meter, which did evolved to make the laparoscopic surgery device. .
The invention of the laser in the 1960's developed by Theodore Maiman embarked a widespread interest in optical systems for data communications.
What is History? So, what is History? When I told someone I was giving a talk on History and what it is, they said, "and you only have an hour?" No doubt everyone in this room has some idea of what History is, or isn't. So let's get started and see how far we can get with my highly selective ...
What is World History? World history is the study of the ways in which the world changes over time. ... This examination of interactions between these distant regions is what is meant by the term World History. ... One reason is that the United States has supported numerous nations throughout history in times of trouble. ... By studying World History one can find the origins of the Muslim religion with Muhammad. ...
Abstract This essay contains a few reasons of how history as a discipline is beneficial to society and the purpose history overall. Also how a journal I so important especially for a subject like history. As well as using History of California journal as an example on how a history journal works and the contents. ... There is a sense of Identity that comes with learning history. ... The saying "knowledge is power " really comes into play with history. ...
Sacred history can be defined as a history that is spread by the word of mouth, by oral teachings as opposed to written works. ... Sacred history can be defined as a history that is spread and kept by the word of mouth, by oral teachings. ... This would make the text then sacred history as well. ... Sacred history is different from scientific history for two main reasons. ... The second reason why sacred history differs from Thucydides theories of scientific history and ˜historical recurrence' is that Thucydides didn't believe in a divine intervention while sacred history usua...
The Oral Tradition:Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali How Can A Historian Use Oral Tradition When Writing History Oral tradition is a history or a story passed down from generation to generation through word of mouth. The story is usually the history of a civilization or culture. ... Male griots tell the family history of the male side and females tell the female side. ... Writing traditions do consist in ancient history in Africa, but most Africans prefer the traditions of African storytelling and oral history. ... "Listen to my word, you who want to know; by my mouth you will learn the his...
One of the first recorded Bigfoot sightings was made by Leif Erikson when he discovered the New World nearly 500 years before Columbus. Erikson and his crew were the first Europeans to settle in North America and witness the creature that is now called Bigfoot. It was said that he saw more than one ...
"American History X" is undeniably one of the most poignant and potent movies I have ever seen. ... In "American History X" however, hate destroys the bond between two brothers. ... "American History X" gives us more closure. ... "American History X" has much stronger actors. ... In "American History X" however, we go beyond pity. ...
Michener, is a novel which covers, on both a fictional and a non-fictional level, the total history of Hawaii from its beginning until approximately 1954. ... For example, a comparison of Hawaii to actual history can be made through selected events in each chapter of the novel. ... Similarly, in 1809, in truth, history records that a certain Henry Obookiah stirred the emotions of religious New Englanders. ... In chapter IV, "From the Starving Village", Michener gives a quick history of a Chinese village. ... History notes that in 1852, the labor problems in the fields in Hawaii had become ...
In 7th century BC, Celts started inhabiting British Isles. Those Celtic tribes of the La Tene culture were Gaels, Britones and Belgae. Britones inhabited the biggest part of Great Britain and that's one of the reasons why the island got that name. Around 55 BC, Romans came to the Britain for the fir...
