area adjacent to the Cape of Good Hope occupied by Khoikhoi

(Hottentot) clans. French Huguenots later joined the Dutch, and

by the 18th century most Khoikhoi had lost their lands to these

European settlers. The colonists, mostly farmers and cattle herders,

became known as Boers, and soon developed their own distinctive

culture and language (Afrikaans). The British took the Cape Colony

from the Dutch in 1795, and after a period from 1803 to 1806

when the Dutch won it back, kept control of the Cape until 1910.

After 1820 thousands of British colonists arrived in South Africa,

and they demanded that English law be imposed. Clashes between

the British coastal colonies and the inland states established by

the Boers culminated in the Boer War (1899-1902), in which British

authority was extended over the Afrikaners.

In 1910, the four areas of the country (the Orange Free

State, the Cape, Natal, and the Transvaal) were united as the Union

of South Africa of the British Empire. An uneasy power-sharing

between the English-speakers and the Boers (who now called

themselves Afrikaners to show their roots and love for Africa) held

sway until the 1940s, when the Afrikaner N

U.S. and the European Community (now European Union) imposed sanctions

All political rights, including voting, held by an African were restricted to

was marriage prohibited between whites and non-whites, but the Immorality

for a negotiated settlement of racial and political problems, in February 1990

of majority rule. After a plea from Mandela at the UN in September,

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