Since I was a child, I used to hear different sayings about being optimistic. After going to school and started studying the religion of Islam, I realized that most of those sayings come from the religion and from experience.

What is optimism? Optimism doesn’t have a scientific definition; it’s simply expecting that good things rather than bad things will happen. Pessimism on the other hand refers to the tendency to expe

ct negative outcomes in the future. In Voltaire’s novel “Candide or Optimism” Candide was an extreme optimistic and trusting character. He believed that “it’s all for the best” (.) That concept made him blind to see the truth. Martin’s character was the opposite of Candide. He was an extreme pessimist, after he faced some tragic events in his life; he stopped believing that good can be the future outcome. Candide is an example of the literary form known as satire. Satire can be defined as a literary work in which irony, derision, or wit in any form is used to expose folly or wickedness. The satirist, seeing the ills of society, attempts to correct them by pointing out to his fellow men the error of their ways, thereby attempting to create a positive change in their behavior. At the end of the novel, Candide gives up his extreme optimism and becomes more realistic “. . . but we must cultivate our garden” .When Voltaire wrote this novel, politics and the economy of France were suffering. Philosophers like Pangloss –a character in the novel- were encouraged by the French governme

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