To begin this review on the thoughts of theism we must understand that the process of proving God is not the same as establishing the color of a flower or that an individual has ten fingers and toes. This style of scientific proof takes into account the five senses, which on a basic understanding offers little to dispute. Rather to prove the existence of God we must look to a courtroom setting. In a court of law one can establish a prima facie case. This is to show that when adequate evidence is available to establish the presumption of a fact that, unless such fact can be refuted, leg

“[Even a] fool, when he hears of … a being than which nothing greater can be conceived … understands what he hears, and what he understands is in his understanding.… And assuredly that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, cannot exist in the understanding alone. For suppose it exists in the understanding alone: then it can be conceived to exist in reality; which is greater.… Therefore, if that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, exists in the understanding alone, the very being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, is one, than which a greater can be conceived. But obviously this is impossible. Hence, there is no doubt that there exists a being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, and it exists both in the understanding and in reality.”

4. There exists an independent being.

Aquinas starts his argument using the philosophical principle that later becomes known as The Principle of Sufficient Reason or PSR. This principle states that, “There must be an explanation (a) for any being, and (b) for any positive fact.” Due to PSR, Premise 1 rules out there being anything that is explained by nothing. A dependent being is explained by something else and an independent being is self-explanatory, or necessary. Premise 2 and 3 result from the reasoning that if all beings were dependent, there would be one positive fact – that these beings exist at all – that would have no explanation, and this is ruled out by PSR too. This fact can only be explained by a nondependent being, thus premise 2 and 3 is true. Premises 4-6 follow the same form of logic of 1-3. There is no reason to think that anything in the universe, or the total composed of these things (which is an important fact), is self-existent, thus there must be a God outside the system of dependent beings who created them. Making the conclusion to be true. (“Is there a God” by Dr. Thomas Morris).

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