Role of toxin-specific antibod

Poisoning treatment in early years was not quite effective and in some cases used to be a highly toxic. Over the last 25 years, more effective and potentially less toxic therapies have been developed. The antidotes currently produced are specific and are employed in a variety of biochemical strategies, such as preventing production of toxic metabolites, exerting direct antagonistic effects against the poison, or binding to the poison to make it ineffective or enhance its elimination. Antibody therapy is also currently available to manage toxicity caused by certain venoms, cardiac glycosides, clostridial toxin, and colchicines [1]. Although the number of antidotes that are specific for certain drugs or poisons is limited, when used in the correct setting, they can be life saving.

Specific antibody fragments may be the future in treating acute poisoning caused by venoms. In 1894 Calmette prepared the first antivenom based on earlier studies relating to the treatment of diphtheria and tetanus [2]. More than a century has gone by, but this is still the only specific treatment for envenoming. Almost all antivenom producers worldwide are

Neurotoxins affecting the neuromuscular junction

• 2000 deaths from acute poisoning

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