Aggression
The origin of human of aggression is a controversial issue among people. Human aggression is prevailing more than ever before, but the cause of aggression and hostility among species is still an unrevealed mystery. Aggression is defined as “an act of harm- doing inflicted consciously and intentionally upon unwilling victims” (Russell 1). Researchers have observed many kinds of animal aggression in terms of territorial, predatory and maternal. There is certain likeness among human and animal species. Humans use aggression for the purpose of self-defense, angry retaliation to attack the enemy, or vengeance. There are two kinds of aggressions: effective aggression (harming the victim is the main purpose of act) and instrumental aggression (motivated by feeling instead of intentionally harming the victim) (Russell 4). It is believed that human behavior is shaped by genetical traits which humans inherit from parents. Hereditary is one of factors that plays an important role in human personality and whether an individual acts positively or negatively. Human instinct, culture and environment are the main factors which encourage humans to be aggressive.
In primitive cultures cannibalism was common thing among groups of people. They ate their enemy to gain status and strength because it was a part of their culture to be animalistic with no mercy. Their parents taught their children to eat their enemy so this custom was passed down through generations as a part of their society. Ahmed 3 In 19 century Dr. Darwin studied about animal species and plant. He ventured the theory that of natural selection causes extinction while the stronger species survive. Eventually, mutation and natural selection were discovered as the influential factors of evolution. He made the assumption that plants were influenced by the environment in which they were cultivated and nurture. Darwin also observed how fluctuation of environment has an impact on species especially humans and then conducted experiments which successfully proved his hypothesis. He said, “changes that were adaptive led to continued growth and survival in this natural cycle”(13). There was a group from the tribe who were outcasted from the main group hundreds years ago. The tribe group known as Tasaday. These groups have no guns, tools or weapons. They gather food from the trees. In their culture they would not want to use instrumental aggression. They could not even use arrow and a bow to hunt food because this would be considered aggressive behavior to their culture (Willard 40). Researchers also mention how human beings are predisposed traits to like sex, happiness, and smiling. Human’s propensity toward aggressive behavior is caused by three main factors: the culture, environment and instinct. Scientist study human aggression from a biological prospective, and have found that aggression has developed as a behavior norm in humans because it promotes survival and adaptation. For instance, inter-male fighting is one adaptive form of aggression. Scientist, Dr Lagerspetz found how genes are intrinsic for aggressive dispositions in strains of mice. Lagerspetz divided aggressive mice and non aggressive from two different species.
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Approximate Word count = 2248
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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