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Alexander the Great

Introduction Some time in the history of the universe, no one is quite sure when, there was born a man. This man would eventually be the first to found a monotheistic religion. The name of this man is Zoroaster; the name is actually a corruption of Zarathushtra. Zoroaster's birth date, along with whether his religion is actually monotheistic, is a subject of great debate. The opinions concerning his birth, and consequently about the beginning of this great religion, range from as early as 6000 years before Plato to as late as 500 BC. In any case he was born somewhere in Iran, although whether in the East or West is also arguable. In the early writings the people belonging to this religion are called Zarathustris; the system he taught is called Mazdaism. The present day followers are called Parsees. Zoroaster removed the multiplicity of deities from religion and created a faith in which there were two, or perhaps, one God. All other higher beings were regarded as demons, or evil spirits. No one knows for sure the different stages of popularity that Zoroastrianism experienced. We do know that at the time of Darius I, 558? -486 B.C., it was protected by royalty. Later, however, Zoroastrians were continually chased by the members of t


to freely by future People. In subsequent times the Zoroastrian community was very persecuted and they were lowered to a group of poor and intellectually isolated people. They reduced the writings to the basics and much of their writings are simply copies of previous texts. They also left their Pahlavi writings for the more current Persian. As the religious Community moved about they translated their writings into many of the different languages of the places where they were residing at that time. Not much was added and even the writings they retained were copied with mistakes. In later times, from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, because of the split in the Zoroastrian communities, one being in Iran and the other in Persia, the writings were not very frequent. The writings basically consisted of Parsi questions to their Iranian counter parts, usually about law and purity, and the answers. These writings were known as the Persian Rivayats. From the mid-nineteenth century and on the Parsis prospered greatly. This brought about an increase in the amount of literature. The literature was written in many languages including Gujarat (one of the previous places of residence) and English. These consisted mainly of the religion's beliefs and observances. The Zoroastrian religion makes an abrupt turn at this point and changes from its previous highly orthodox religion and writing. The society is hurt and confused because of a sudden plunge into modernity. The society searched for new ways to explain the older writings. The writing is transformed into one writing influenced by the beliefs of many of the surrounding religions including Christianity and Hinduism. Some writings simple talk of a belief but advocate no actual observance requiring any actions. Into the twentieth century the writings decrease and show a greater influence by the Muslims. Zoroastrian History From around 550-330 BC. The Iranian tribes left the steppes where they had been previously living and conquered and moved into modern-day Iran. The eastern Iranians brought the Zoroastrian faith to the western Iranians, the Mead’s, and the Persians. It became the religion of the Achaemenian Empire. The Avestan writings, however, remained in the eastern dialect. Alexander slaughtered many of the Zoroastrian priests thereby also harming the transmission of the texts. The Asacids, from northeast Iran, later established the second Iranian Empire. The empire was called the Parthian Empire. The fewwritten records they had indicated a tolerance of the Zoroastrian religion. This empire ruled from approximately 144 BC. Through 22 BC.The Sasanian period was from 224 to 651 C.E. By this time Zoroastrianism had returned to many of the things that Zoroaster had taken out at the beginning of the religion. They had gone back to their old ways of sacrificing, drinking haoma, and believing in more than one God. However, even as the orthodoxy of the religion declined its popularity increased to the greatest point in its history. After the fall of t his empire Persia was converted to Islam. About fourteen thousand remain in Iran today. The others either converted or moved to India, where different religions were more tolerated. The Zoroastrians there are called Parsees, and most live around Bombay. They number about 150,000. They have greatly prospered, and probably owe this to their honesty and generosity. Ethics Zoroaster based his concept of good and evil on the things that happened to be good and bad for the people of his time. Animals, which were used for cattle bearing, were considered good and created by Ahura Mazda. On the other hand, Ahriman created animals, which were harmful to cattle. Large families were praised, and any attempt to stop sex from having children was forbidden. The main purpose of man is always to make good decisions and to fight with Ahura Mazda against the forces of Ahriman. Life after Death Cadavers are unclean and therefore should not be allowed to touch

Some topics in this essay:
Ahura Mazda, Chinvat Peretu, Death Cadavers, Avesta Zand, Persian Rivayats, Due Iranians, CE Zoroastrianism, Little Avesta, Ahura Mazda's, Anra Mainyu, ahura mazda, zoroastrian religion, anra mainyu, world final, ahura mazda's, resurrection dead, battle evil, called parsees, beginning religion, 500 bc,

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Approximate Word count = 2750
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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