Realism represents figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life, and is generally restricted to a movement that began in the mid-19th century in reaction to the highly subjective approach of romanticism. Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses. American realist paintings include the honest, matter-of-fact portraits by Thomas Eakans, William Sidney Mount. Eakins’ The Gross Clinic combined sharp realism- a depiction of an operation in progress with psychological acuity in the portrayal of the surgeon Doctor Gross is realism at it’s finest.

Impressionism is a movement in painting that originated in France in the 19th century. Impressionist painters were considered radical in their time because they broke many of the rules of picture-making set by earlier generations. They found many of their subjects in life around them rather than in history, which was the accepted source of subject matter. Instead of

Much like the futurists Constructivism sought an art that would be abstract yet easily understood. Their sculptures celebrated the material properties of objects, such as texture and shape. Construction is an additive process by which the artist combines ordinary materials such as metal and wood to construct sculptures. Constructivism artists include Alexsandr Rodchenko, and Vladimir Tatlin.

Lastly, it is these series of movements that defines the art of the later years of our history. From realism to impressionism, post-impressionism to modernism, cubism to futurism, and constructivism to surrealism, from these we have a history-shaping concept of expression.

Finally, Surrealism, which is inspired by writings of Freud, seeks ways of accessing the unconscious mind. An example of the strategy is Dalis' The Persistence of Mercury . In this painting, pocket watches hang limply from a dead branch, while insects, a tabletop, and a distorted face lie in a barren landscape that leads back to a seashore and cliffs. The merging of these conflicting elements suggests an alternative, or sur-reality, as the movements name implies.

In Modernism the period dating from roughly the 1860’s through the 1970’s is described as they style and ideology of art produced during that era concerned primarily with essential qualities of color and flatness and as exhibiting over time a reduction of interest in s

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