Autism tends to affect more males than females. The ratio of affected males

to females is approximately four to one. Autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals (Autism, 2001). It is estimated that one half million people in the United States today have autism or some form of pervasive developmental disorder (Autism, 2001).

The etiology of autism is unclear and can be determined in only approximately 20 percent of the diagnosed children (Huffman, 2001). Researchers continue their search for the cause. It has been noted that autism may have multiple causes, including structural abnormalities of the brain, viruses, genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, or seizure disorders (Ekvall, 1993). Autism is a physical condition linked to abnormal biology and neurochemistry in the brain. The exact causes of these abnormalit

Teaching a child how to self-feed often presents a challenge to caregivers. Prompting is often practiced in teaching children how to feed themselves. Once the child completes a step in the process, a cue is given for the next

An increased frequency of physical anomalies and the persistence of primitive reflexes in children with autism may contribute to feeding problems as well. Delayed development of hand dominance, unusual postures, and unusual movements also affect the development of feeding skills. Food cravings, specific food or food preparation preferences, and retention of food bits in the mouth for long periods of time are common (Ekvall, 1993).

It has also been suggested that there is an association between inflammatory bowel disease and autism. Research has not yet proven this hypothesis (Fombonne 1998).

the sixteen listed items are present, autism is considered.

Some topics in this essay:
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